Symptoms of COVID-19 are highly variable,
ranging from none to severe illness. The virus spreads mainly through the air when people are near each
other.[b] It
leaves an infected person as they breathe, cough, sneeze, or speak and enters
another person via their mouth, nose, or eyes. It might also spread via contaminated
surfaces. People remain infectious for up to two weeks, and can
spread the virus even if they do not have symptoms.[9][10]
Recommended preventive measures include social
distancing, wearing a face mask in public,
ventilation and air-filtering, hand washing,
covering one's mouth when sneezing or coughing, disinfecting surfaces, and
monitoring and self-isolation for people exposed or
symptomatic. There are several COVID-19
vaccines in development. Current treatments focus on
addressing symptoms while work is underway to develop therapeutic drugs that
inhibit the virus. Authorities worldwide have responded by
implementing travel
restrictions, lockdowns, workplace hazard controls,
and facility closures. Many places have also worked to increase testing capacity
and trace contacts of the infected.
The pandemic has caused global social and economic disruption,
including the largest global recession since
the Great Depression.[11] It
has led to the postponement
or cancellation of events, widespread supply shortages exacerbated
by panic buying, agricultural disruption and food
shortages, and decreased
emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases. Educational
institutions have been partially or fully closed. Misinformation has circulated through
social media and mass media. There have been incidents of
xenophobia and discrimination against Chinese people and
against those perceived as being Chinese or as being from areas with high
infection rates.[12]
Although it is still unknown exactly where the outbreak first
started, several early infected people had visited Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, located
in Wuhan, Hubei, China.[13] On
11 February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) named
the disease "COVID-19", which is short for coronavirus disease 2019.[14][15] The
virus that caused the outbreak is known as severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a newly discovered virus
closely related to bat coronaviruses,[16] pangolin coronaviruses,[17][18] and SARS-CoV.[19] The
scientific consensus is that COVID-19 has a natural origin.[20][21] The
probable bat-to-human infection may have been among people processing bat
carcasses and guano in
the production of traditional Chinese medicines.[22]
The earliest known person with symptoms was later discovered to
have fallen ill on 1 December 2019, and that
person did not have visible connections with the later wet market cluster.[23][24] However,
an earlier case of infection could have occurred on November 17.[25] Of
the early cluster of cases reported that month, two thirds were found to have a
link with the market.[26][27][28] There
are several theories about when and where the very first case (the
so-called patient zero) originated.[29] It
is possible that the virus first emerged in October 2019.[30]
them of their struggle against covid-19,
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